Corn/callus (singular: callus, callosity) and Clavus (clavi; singular: clavus, corn)
Very common occurrence in different forms.
Corns (clavi) are very well demarcated and usually are less than 1.5 cm in diameter. Clavi may be further classified as a hard clavus (heloma durum) or a soft clavus (heloma mole). Calluses are poorly demarcated and can be of any size. Both are due to thickenings and increases in the density of the epidermal stratum corneum along with changes in the deeper layers of the skin. (unsuitable shoes, unwashed /fat/ socks, etc.)
Usual people's treatment (everyday treatment or cosmetic treatment) is putting the foot in washbowl with hot water and domestic “keratolytics” like apple vinegar, salt etc. (at least 10 minutes but longer better) then treatment with rough stone (scraping).
Medical Treatment Options:
1. Removal of mechanical stress, eg, properly fitting shoes, moleskin, cut-out foam adhesive pads, diabetic socks (in case of diabetes)2. Keratolytics
- 40% salicylic acid pads and plaster
- 40% urea cream
- 12% lactic acid cream
Patients with peripheral neuropathies should avoid using keratolytics.
Lesions are managed primarily by removing the mechanical stress that caused the lesion and by appropriate use of keratolytics when necessary. Special care must be taken to be sure the patient does not have diabetes mellitus or peripheral vascular disease in the relevant area.
3. Dermatological treatment (laser)
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